Özgür yazılım felsefesi, üretmeyi ve paylaşmayı temel alan bir bilişim
felsefesidir. Felsefenin temelinde bilimsel araştırmalarda izlenen
yöntemin topluma kazandırtıkları yatmaktadır.
Bilim
adamları yaptıkları tüm araştırmaları detayları ile açıklayan makaleler
yazar ve bu makaleleri yayınlayarak kamu ile paylaşır. Bu paylaşımcı
bilimsel modeli hızlı bir toplumsal gelişim sürecine imkan vermektedir;
yeni çalışmaların tümü, daha önceki çalışmalarda edinilen bilgi ve
deneyimli daha ileri bir noktaya taşımaktadır. Bu biçimde paylaşımcı
bir yol izlememiş olsaydı bugün medeniyetimizin ulaştığı noktaya varmak
için çok daha fazla zamana ihtiyacımız olabilirdi.
Özgür yazılım
(ing. free software) felsefesi bu paylaşımcı modeli bilgisayar yazılımı
üretimine uygulamayı hedefler. Özgür yazılım felsefesinin lideri olan
Richard M. Stallman, tekelleşmeye ve bilimsel gelişmenin hızını kesmeye
izin veren yazılım üretim modeline karşı durmak üzere bir çalışma
başlatmış ve bu modelin medeniyetimizin gelişmine vurduğu sekteye
dikkat çekmiştir.
Stallman'ın karşı çıktığı modelde, farklı ve
özel bir kelime işlemciye ihtiyacınız olduğunda ya baştan kendiniz
hazırlamalısınız ya da mevcut yazılımlardan birisinin üreticisine
istediğinizi tarif edip bu değişikliği yaptırmanız gerekir. Büyük ve
başarılı bir yazılım üreticisi bu istediğinizi tek potansiyel müşteri
oldğunuz için kabul etmeyecektir. Bu durumda baştan başlayarak
"tekerleği yeniden icat etmek" dışında bir alternatifiniz kalmayacaktır
ki bu gerçekten de çok verimsiz bir üretim biçimidir.
Özgür
yazılım modeli, yazılımların yanlızca o anda ona "biçim" verenleri
hayal güçleri ve beklentileri ile kısıtlı olması ile sonuçlanan,
alabildiğine özgür bir model sunar. Paylaşım esasına dayalı bu modelde,
herkez ürettiği yazlımları kaynak kodları (yazılımda değişiklik yapmak
için gereken ilk form) ile birlikte sınırsız bir biçimde paylaşır ve
yenilikler bu paylaşım sayesinde bir önceki üreticinin çalışmalarına
eklemeler yapılarak kolayca ve kısa sürede gerçekleştirilebilir.
Felsefe çerçevesinde kullanıcılara şu haklar tannmaktadır: Her türlü amaç için programı çalıştırma özgürlüğü, Programın nasıl çalıştığını inceleme ve kendi ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda değiştirme özgürlüğü, Yeniden dağıtma ve toplum ile paylaşma özgürlüğü, Programı geliştirme ve gelişmiş hali ile topluma dağıtma özgürlüğü.
Özgür
yazılım felsefesi, yazılımın sınırlarının ortadan kaldırması amacını
güder. Yazılımın sınırları kalmadığında yazılım özgürdür ve dileyen bu
yazılımı çok kısa bir süre içinde dileğini biçimde getirip
ihtiyaçlarını daha etkin bir biçimde karşılayabilir. Bu biçimde yazılım
üretiminin ve paylaşımının topluma nasıl bir katkı vereceği açıktır;
ihtiyaçları daha etkin bir biçimde karşılayan yazılım çözümlerini
mümkün olan en kısa sürelerde geliştirmek olacaktır. Üretici
bağımlılıkları ve yazılım tekelciliği önlenecek, yeni iş modelleri
çerçevesinde yazılımdan gelir elde etmek yine de mümkün olacaktır.
Comment of 11:
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